Active sash - this is the main sash that opens and closes first. It moves independently of the other and is highly functional. It can be tilt, turn, or both simultaneously. In a casement window, the handle is installed on the main (active) sash.
Passive sash - the passive sash, on the other hand, opens and closes second, after the active sash. Usually, it remains closed and only opens when the window needs to be fully opened. The passive sash does not have handles or locks, and it can only be opened after the active sash is already open.
For the casement window to function fully, a mullion is mounted on the passive sash, connecting the two window sashes. When both sashes are closed, the mullion acts as a lock. Both sashes work together to provide comfort.